Impedance Meter Berbasis Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Untuk Optimasi Respons Pengukuran Amplitudo Dan Beda Fasa

Ardhi Wicaksono Santoso; Isnan Nur Rifai; Budi Sumanto; Alief Purnomo Aji

doi:10.24176/simet.v16i1.13278

Impedance Meter Berbasis Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Untuk Optimasi Respons Pengukuran Amplitudo Dan Beda Fasa

Ardhi Wicaksono Santoso, Isnan Nur Rifai, Budi Sumanto, Alief Purnomo Aji

Sari

The Impedance Meter (IM) has become essential in exploring the electrical properties of materials, biological systems, and electrochemical processes. Measuring amplitude and phase difference is central to characterizing these materials and systems. This research aims to develop an amplitude and phase difference measurement system using Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology with a cross-correlation method. Validation system is conducted by measuring the high pass response which consist of resistor and capacitor. Performance evaluation covers speed, accuracy, and system responsiveness to frequency variations. Based on the measurement and validation results, the following conclusions are drawn: The number of buffers in the data sampling process can impact accuracy and processing time. It takes 0.26 seconds for 100 phase difference measurements with a buffer count of 2000. Compared to mathematical analysis, amplitude measurements have an average error of 0.035 volts (3.5%) with a maximum error of 0.048 volts (4.8%). Phase difference measurements have an average error of 0.22° with a maximum error of 1.26°. While if compared to an oscilloscope, amplitude measurements show an average error of 0.002 volts (0.2%) with a maximum error of 0.012 volts (1.2%). Phase difference measurements show an average error of 0.18° with a maximum error of 0.86°. Mathematical analysis provides important theoretical understanding, while validation with an oscilloscope offers more accurate and realistic information under practical conditions, considering component non-idealities.

Kata Kunci

Impedance Meter;FPGA;NIOS;Amplitudo;Phase;Cross Correlation

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi

I. N. Rifai, M. R. Baidillah, R. Wicaksono, S. Akita, and M. Takei, “Quantification of dermis sodium concentration in skin layers by power spectral density drop of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS),” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1–15, 2023, doi: 10.1088/1361-6501/acc752. [2] R. B. Relado, A. Naba, and D. H. Santjojo, “Alat Ukur Impedansi Akustik Material Logam Dengan Metode Ultrasonik Pulsa Echo,” Brawijaya Phys. Student J., vol. 2, no. 1, 2014. [3] I. N. Rifai, M. R. Baidillah, R. Wicaksono, S. Akita, and M. Takei, “Sodium Concentration Imaging in Dermis Layer by Square-wave Open Electrical Impedance Tomography ( SW- o EIT ) with Spatial Voltage Thresholding ( SVT ),” Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express, vol. 9, pp. 1–13, 2023, doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/acd4c6. [4] S. WS and D. Triyono, “A Chip of Counter and Parallel Interface Port Using FPGA,” in Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting and Presentation on Basic Research in Nuclear of the Science and Technology part I : Physics, Nuclear Reactor and Instrumentation, in Chip Pencacah dan Antarmuka via Paralel Port Menggunakan FPGA. Indonesia: National Nuclear Energy Agency, 2002, p. 265. [Online]. Available: http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:44003573 [5] M. T. R. J. P. M. R. S. T. M. T. Raden Arief Setyawan ST., “Implementasi Filter Digital Fir (Finite Impulse Response) Pada Field Programmable Gate Arrays (Fpga),” J. Mhs. Tek. Elektro Univ. Brawijaya, vol. 1, no. 4, 2013. [6] Z. Jiang et al., “Development of a Portable Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy System for Bio-Detection,” IEEE Sens. J., vol. 19, no. 15, pp. 5979–5987, 2019, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2911718. [7] D. Trebbels, D. Woelki, and R. Zengerle, “High precision phase measurement technique for cell impedance spectroscopy,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 224, no. 1, 2010, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/224/1/012159. [8] C. Dick and F. Harris, “FPGA signal processing using sigma-delta modulation,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 20–35, 2000, doi: 10.1109/79.814644. [9] R. Hidayat, I. N. Rifai, W. Widada, and A. P. Adi, “Doppler circular array antenna principle for determining azimuth angle of radio transmitter,” in 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems: “The Decade of Intelligent and Green Signal Processing and Communications”, ISPACS 2011, 2011. doi: 10.1109/ISPACS.2011.6146156. [10] J. Hendry, B. Sumanto, Y. Mileniandi, and P. M. Wening, “Implementation of Pre-Emphasis Analog Filter on Raspberry Pi Using Zero-Order Hold Discretization as a Pre-Processing to Humanoids’ Commands Recognition,” J. List. Instrumentasi, dan Elektron. Terap., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 40–44, 2022, doi: 10.22146/juliet.v3i2.71226. [11] J. Hendry, I. N. Rifai, and Y. Mileniandi, “Sampled and discretized of short-time Fourier transform and non-negative matrix factorization: the single-channel source separation case,” J. Teknol. dan Sist. Komput., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2021, doi: 10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13858. [12] D. Gubbins, S. Kwon, B. Lee, P. K. Hanumolu, and U.-K. Moon, “A continuous-time input pipeline ADC with inherent anti-alias filtering,” in 2009 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2009, pp. 275–278. doi: 10.1109/CICC.2009.5280858. [13] A. Nissinen, V. P. Kolehmainen, and J. P. Kaipio, “Compensation of modelling errors due to unknown domain boundary in electrical impedance tomography,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 231–242, 2011, doi: 10.1109/TMI.2010.2073716. [14] A. McEwan, A. Romsauerova, R. Yerworth, L. Horesh, R. Bayford, and D. Holder, “Design and calibration of a compact multi-frequency EIT system for acute stroke imaging,” Physiol. Meas., vol. 27, no. 5, 2006, doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/27/5/S17. [15] M. Rafiei-Naeini and H. McCann, “Low-noise current excitation sub-system for medical EIT,” Physiol. Meas., vol. 29, no. 6, 2008, doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/29/6/S15.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24176/simet.v16i1.13278